Lesson 1 - Introduction to Map Reading and Symbols
Building Navigation Confidence Through Progressive Orienteering
•Year 4
•Outdoor Adventurous Activities
•Start Planning Better PE Lessons
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How can we use maps and symbols to navigate and work effectively as a team?
Learning Objectives
- Introduce students to the concept of maps, plans and aerial views
- Develop understanding of map symbols and keys for navigation
- Foster teamwork and cooperation through collaborative problem-solving
Key Outcomes
- Students will understand what maps represent and why we view them from above
- Students will successfully use a map key to navigate and complete face orienteering challenges
- Students will demonstrate effective teamwork attributes including cooperation and encouragement
Equipment & Resources Required
Laminated maps showing 6 different face designs with symbol key
Alternative: Hand-drawn face maps on paper
Include cones, hoops, bean bags, balls, ropes, markers as shown on maps
Alternative: Everyday classroom objects can substitute
Scatter around area for warm-up activity - ensure variety of colours
Alternative: Coloured paper, clothing items
For students to rest maps on while reading symbols
Alternative: Hard books or folders
For students to tick off completed faces
Alternative: Whiteboard markers on laminated maps
For starting/stopping activities and emergency signals
Alternative: Voice commands
Key Vocabulary
A drawing or plan showing the features of an area as seen from above
A view of an area as seen from directly above, like a bird's eye view
A list that explains what symbols and colours on a map represent
A simple picture or sign that represents something on a map
To find your way using a map and following directions
A sport that involves finding your way across unfamiliar areas using a map
Skill Progression Pathway
Understanding where pupils are coming from and where they're going
Prior Learning
- Basic understanding of following instructions
- Experience working in pairs
- Familiarity with simple problem-solving activities
Current Skills
- Understanding aerial perspective and map representation
- Using map symbols and keys for navigation
- Collaborative problem-solving in orienteering contexts
Next Steps
- Using compass directions with maps
- Reading grid references and coordinates
- Planning routes using topographical maps
Milestone Indicators
Key Teaching Points
- Maps represent aerial (bird's eye) view of areas and objects
- Map keys/legends are essential for interpreting symbols correctly
- Effective teamwork requires communication, cooperation and shared responsibility
- Accuracy and understanding are more important than speed in orienteering
- Persistence and resilience help overcome challenges in problem-solving
- Map reading skills transfer to many real-life navigation situations
- Orienteering combines physical activity with mental problem-solving skills
Common Misconceptions
- Maps should show objects from the side view like photographs - correct by demonstrating aerial perspective
- Symbols are just pictures rather than representations - emphasise that symbols can mean different things in different contexts
- Faster completion always means better orienteering - stress accuracy and teamwork over speed
- Only one person needs to read the map in a partnership - encourage both partners to engage with map reading
- If you make a mistake you should start completely over - teach checking and correcting strategies
- Orienteering is only about finding things quickly - explain it's about navigation, teamwork and problem-solving
SEN Adaptations
ADHD
- Break activities into shorter segments, provide movement breaks, use clear visual and auditory signals, offer fidget tools during reflection time
dyspraxia
- Use larger, simpler equipment, allow extra time for map reading, break down complex instructions into smaller steps, provide physical support for equipment placement
autism spectrum
- Provide visual schedule of lesson activities, allow processing time between instructions, create quiet zone if needed, use consistent routines and clear expectations
visual impairment
- Use large, high-contrast symbols on maps, provide tactile markers for equipment, buddy system with sighted partner, verbal descriptions of all visual elements
hearing impairment
- Visual signals for start/stop, written instructions on cards, clear demonstrations with gestures, ensure face-to-face communication
physical disability
- Adapted equipment positioning at appropriate heights, allow wheelchair access to all stations, modify movement requirements, focus on map reading rather than equipment placement
Cross-Curricular Links
Maths
2D shapes and their properties when viewing symbols, spatial awareness and positioning, measuring distances between map points
Science
Forces and motion during movement activities, observation and recording skills, systematic investigation approaches
Geography
Map skills, symbols and keys, aerial photography interpretation, basic navigation concepts
PSHE
Cooperation and teamwork, resilience when facing challenges, communication skills, celebrating others' success
Teacher Guidance
Positioning
Central location during demonstrations, circulating between stations during practice, positioned for maximum visibility during competition
Observation Focus
Partnership cooperation, accurate map reading, safe movement, signs of frustration or overwhelm, evidence of learning progression
Intervention Points
Step in if partnerships break down, provide support when students struggle with map concepts, manage any unsafe behaviour immediately
Demonstration Notes
Use exaggerated movements when showing aerial view concepts, hold maps high for all to see, model positive partnership language throughout
Verbal Cues
- •'Check your key first!'
- •'Work together - one reads, one finds'
- •'Accuracy before speed'
- •'What does that symbol represent?'
Safety Considerations
Space & Surface Requirements
Space Requirements
Large outdoor area minimum 30m x 20m, or indoor hall with adequate space for 6 stations plus movement
Surface Check
Even, non-slip surface free from holes, debris, or obstacles that could cause trips or falls
Equipment Safety
Safety Checks
- •All orienteering equipment checked for damage and sharp edges
- •Cones and markers placed with adequate spacing to prevent collisions
- •Equipment stored safely when not in use to prevent tripping hazards
Risk Management
Key Risks
- •Collisions during warm-up running activities
- •Trips and falls over orienteering equipment
- •Frustration and conflict between partners during challenging tasks
- •Overexertion during competitive elements
Risk Mitigation
- •Clear boundaries established for all running activities
- •Adequate spacing between orienteering stations
- •Teacher positioned for maximum visibility of all groups
- •Progressive skill building from simple to complex tasks
- •Emphasis on cooperation over competition
Supervision & Emergency Procedures
Supervision Points
- •Position to observe all stations during practical activities
- •Monitor partner dynamics and intervene if conflicts arise
- •Watch for signs of frustration or overwhelm in individuals
- •Ensure safe movement during station rotations
Emergency Procedures
Stop signal (whistle) established, first aid kit accessible, clear procedure for injury management and evacuation if needed