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Lesson 5 - Court Positions and Rotation

Skills & Team Coordination

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Year 7

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Volleyball

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Big Question

How does understanding positions and rotation transform a group of individuals into a coordinated volleyball team?

Learning Objectives

To investigate and identify the six key court positions in volleyball
To demonstrate effective positional play during game situations
To apply the clockwise rotation rule in modified competitive games

Key Outcomes

Students will accurately identify all six volleyball court positions and their roles
Students will maintain correct positioning during game play with appropriate spatial awareness
Students will successfully execute clockwise rotation when their team wins the serve
Students will demonstrate the three-touch sequence (dig, set, spike) in positional context

Equipment & Resources Required

Volleyballs

1 per 8 students (minimum 3 nets for class of 30)

Pre-inflate to correct pressure, distribute one per court during setup

Alternative: Softer volleyballs, beach balls, or foam balls for less confident students

Markers Cones

24 cones (8 per court to mark boundaries)

Mark 6m x 12m courts with clear position markers at each of the 6 spots

Alternative: Chalk lines, tape on floor, or existing court markings

Sun Markers

1 large whiteboard or flipchart

Position where all students can see, pre-draw court diagram with numbered positions

Alternative: Laminated court diagrams, printed handouts, or digital display

Tablets

1 per pair or small group (15 for class of 30)

Pre-load position worksheets or iBooks, ensure sufficient battery charge

Alternative: Printed worksheets, paper court diagrams for drawing positions

Bibs

6 numbered bibs per court (1-6)

Optional but helpful for visual identification of positions during learning

Alternative: Write numbers on masking tape, use coloured bibs with verbal numbers

Whistles

1 per teacher/official

Use for clear start/stop signals during games

Alternative: Voice commands, hand signals

Key Vocabulary

Positions

The six numbered locations on a volleyball court (1-6) where players stand

Rotation

The clockwise movement of all players to new positions after winning the serve

Clockwise

Moving in the same direction as clock hands (right to left when facing court)

Backcourt

The three positions at the back of the court (positions 1, 6, and 5)

Frontcourt

The three positions at the front near the net (positions 4, 3, and 2)

Three-touch rule

Teams can touch the ball up to three times before sending it over the net

Setter

The player who sets up the attack, usually the second touch (often position 3)

Spiker

The player who attacks the ball over the net, usually the third touch

Dig

The defensive pass used to receive a serve or attack (first touch)

Communication

Calling out instructions, calling for the ball, and coordinating with teammates

Skill Progression Pathway

Understanding where pupils are coming from and where they're going

Prior Learning

Basic volleyball skills (serving, passing, setting)
Understanding of three-touch rule concept
Experience playing modified volleyball games
Basic spatial awareness and court boundaries

Current Skills

Identifying and remembering six court positions (1-6)
Understanding frontcourt vs backcourt roles
Executing clockwise rotation when winning serve
Applying positional play in game context
Communicating position changes with teammates

Next Steps

Advanced tactical positioning and court coverage
Specialist position development (setter, libero)
Complex rotation scenarios and substitutions
Defensive and offensive formation strategies

Milestone Indicators

Students can identify all six positions without prompting

Students rotate correctly without teacher intervention

Students demonstrate understanding by coaching peers

Students apply three-touch rule with positional awareness

Key Teaching Points

Position 1 is ALWAYS back right corner - this is your starting reference point and where the server stands
Positions are numbered 1-6 clockwise around the court (use clock visual to reinforce)
Backcourt (1, 5, 6) = DEFENDERS who dig and receive | Frontcourt (2, 3, 4) = ATTACKERS who set, spike, and block
Rotation happens ONLY when your team wins the serve from opponents (not every point) - emphasise this trigger repeatedly
Rotation direction is ALWAYS clockwise (to the right when facing net) - every player moves one position
The three-touch sequence flows from backcourt to frontcourt: DIG (back) → SET (front/middle) → SPIKE (front)
Position 3 (centre front) is typically the SETTER - the quarterback of volleyball who sets up attacks

Common Misconceptions

Misconception: Rotate after every point. Reality: Only rotate when YOUR team wins the serve FROM the opponents (when you earn the right to serve). Correction: Repeatedly emphasise 'rotate when WINNING serve' and demonstrate scenarios.
Misconception: Positions are fixed and you stay in one spot all game. Reality: Positions are starting locations - you can move to play the ball but return to your position area after. Correction: Explain that positions provide organisation and ensure court coverage, but aren't rigid boxes.
Misconception: Rotation direction is random or anti-clockwise. Reality: Always clockwise (to the right when facing net). Correction: Use clock visual, practice multiple times, use physical cues ('move to your RIGHT').
Misconception: Only backcourt players can dig, only frontcourt can spike. Reality: While these are typical roles, anyone can touch the ball - positions indicate starting location and primary responsibility. Correction: Clarify that positions suggest roles but flexibility exists in actual play.
Misconception: Position 1 is always the server. Reality: The person currently IN position 1 serves - this changes as players rotate through that position. Correction: Demonstrate that all players will eventually serve when they rotate into position 1.
Misconception: The three-touch rule means you MUST use three touches. Reality: Teams can use 1, 2, or 3 touches (maximum of three). Correction: Explain it's a maximum, and strategic use of three touches (dig-set-spike) is most effective.
Misconception: Frontcourt and backcourt are fixed teams. Reality: All six players rotate through both frontcourt and backcourt positions during the game. Correction: Show how rotation moves everyone through all six positions over time.

SEN Adaptations

ADHD

Short, varied activities maintain engagement (no long explanations); active roles throughout (avoid long waiting/sitting); clear, concise instructions (one or two steps at a time); immediate feedback and positive reinforcement; physical demonstration maintains attention better than verbal; use energetic delivery and enthusiasm; competitive King of the Court format provides stimulation; allow movement breaks; position near teacher during explanations; provide fidget tool during seated iBooks work; countdown timers for time awareness

dyspraxia

Break down skills into smaller steps with repeated practice; use catch-throw method extensively (no pressure to volley); simplified court (fewer position markers to process); allow extra time for rotation processing; buddy support for sequencing; verbal reminders of position; larger balls for easier catching; reduce court size for shorter distances; emphasis on personal improvement not competition; visual diagrams for reference; permission to repeat instructions; celebrate small successes; allow typed responses instead of handwriting for iBooks work

autism spectrum

Provide visual schedule showing lesson structure and timings; use position markers (numbered spots/bibs) for clear visual cues; predictable rotation pattern reduces anxiety; allow time to process instructions; quiet observation option initially before joining; consistent routines (same warm-up, same commands); reduce sensory overload (quieter whistle, smaller groups); advance warning of transitions ('2 minutes until next activity'); provide written court diagram for reference throughout; allow repetition of questions without judgement

visual impairment

Use brightly coloured balls with contrasting colours to net and floor; provide tactile court markers (textured spots) at each position; verbal descriptions of all demonstrations; buddy system with sighted peer for positioning guidance; audio cues for rotation ('rotate now!'); larger, high-contrast printed diagrams for iBooks work; allow audio recording instead of written work

hearing impairment

Visual demonstrations of all instructions and skills; written instructions on whiteboard or cards; visual signals for rotation (teacher pointing and using rotation hand gesture); teach visual hand signals for 'mine', 'rotate', positions; ensure student can see teacher's face for lip-reading; pair with signing peer if available; position near front during demonstrations; use vibrating whistle or visual start/stop signals

physical disability

Seated volleyball version with lower net or no net (over rope); modify court size to smaller area for wheelchair access; allow catching without mobility required; provide wheelchair-height serving option; seated rotation (turn on spot rather than move positions); alternative role as scorer/official with active participation in verbal guidance; adapted equipment (lighter balls, larger balls); buddy assistance for movement if needed

Cross-Curricular Links

English

Technical vocabulary acquisition (positions, rotation, dig, set, spike, backcourt, frontcourt); verbal communication and clear calling; following and giving instructions; writing clear explanations in iBooks; descriptive writing about positions and roles; reading and interpreting court diagrams

Maths

Counting positions 1-6 in numerical order; understanding clockwise direction as geometric concept; tracking scores to 5 points (addition); understanding court dimensions and spatial relationships (6m x 12m); angles of ball trajectory; rotation as circular movement through positions

Science

Forces acting on volleyball (gravity, applied force, air resistance); trajectory and parabolic motion of ball flight; Newton's Third Law (action-reaction when striking ball); heart rate increase during physical activity; cardiovascular system response to exercise; muscle groups used in volleyball actions (quadriceps, core, shoulders)

Geography

Directional language (clockwise, front, back, left, right); spatial awareness and positioning on court; mapping positions on 2D court diagram; coordinates and position identification; understanding court layout as spatial representation

PSHE

Teamwork and cooperation in group activities; communication skills and calling positions; leadership during games and guiding teammates; resilience when learning new complex skills; managing emotions in competitive situations; respect and fair play; inclusion and supporting all teammates regardless of ability

Teacher Guidance

Positioning

Stand centrally between three courts during games for maximum visibility. During demonstrations, position yourself where all students can see clearly. During practice drills, circulate actively between courts providing individual/group feedback. During plenary, join the circle as an equal participant to create inclusive discussion atmosphere.

Observation Focus

Primary focus: Are students correctly identifying and maintaining positions? Are rotations happening at the right time and in the right direction? Secondary focus: Spatial awareness, court coverage, communication, three-touch sequence application, teamwork and inclusion. Safety focus: Net awareness, collision avoidance, appropriate competitive intensity.

Intervention Points

Intervene immediately if: unsafe play near net, rotation confusion causing frustration, students not participating/excluded, arguments about points/rules, poor sportsmanship, incorrect rotation direction repeatedly. Pause and address whole class if common error evident across multiple courts. Provide individual quiet feedback for students struggling with positioning.

Demonstration Notes

When demonstrating positions: use slow, exaggerated movements. Walk through positions physically on court calling numbers clearly. When demonstrating rotation: use six students wearing numbered bibs for visual clarity, physically guide them through clockwise movement, repeat 2-3 times. When demonstrating dig-set-spike: perform each action in slow motion showing body position and ball contact clearly. Always demonstrate from angle where all students can see.

Verbal Cues

•'Spread out - cover the space!'
•'Backcourt - stay back! Frontcourt - stay forward!'
•'Rotate! Clockwise! To your right!'
•'Position 1 serves!'
•'Call for the ball - Mine!'
•'Dig, set, spike - three touches!'
•'Where's position 3? Show me!'
•'Excellent communication, I heard you calling positions!'

Safety Considerations

Space & Surface Requirements

Space Requirements

Minimum three volleyball courts (6m x 12m each) with 2-3m clear safety zones between courts. Indoor sports hall or outdoor hard court surface. Total space approximately 25m x 40m for class of 30.

Surface Check

Dry, clean, non-slip surface free from debris, water, or obstacles. Check for any loose floorboards or uneven outdoor surfaces. Ensure adequate grip for quick movements and direction changes.

Equipment Safety

Safety Checks

•Volleyball nets securely fastened to posts with no loose cables at floor level (trip hazard)
•Net height appropriate for Year 7 (2.24m or lower if needed for inclusion)
•Volleyballs correctly inflated (not over-inflated which increases injury risk)
•Posts have protective padding if metal or hard material
•Cones have no sharp edges or cracks
•Tablets/iPads have protective cases and stored safely away from physical activity area
•All equipment checked before lesson and any damaged items removed

Risk Management

Key Risks

•Collisions with net posts during energetic game play
•Collisions between students chasing balls near net
•Students from different courts colliding in safety zones
•Ball strikes to face/head if students not aware
•Tripping over net cables or court markers
•Overexertion during competitive games in warm conditions
•Finger injuries from poor catching/setting technique
•Technology damage from rough handling of tablets

Risk Mitigation

•Clear boundaries established with cones - students aware of their court area only
•Adequate spacing between courts (minimum 2m safety zones) strictly enforced
•Catch-throw method reduces impact injuries compared to full volleying
•Progressive skill building from controlled practice to competitive games
•Constant supervision and circulation between courts during games
•'STOP' protocol established - immediate freeze on whistle if unsafe situation occurs
•Students taught to call 'Mine!' to avoid collisions when both going for ball
•Net awareness emphasised - avoid reaching under net or climbing on net
•Regular hydration breaks especially in warm weather
•Warm-up and cool-down included to prevent muscle strains
•Modified rules (catch-throw allowed) to reduce impact and maintain control
•Tablets used only during seated, calm period away from physical activity

Supervision & Emergency Procedures

Supervision Points

•Position centrally between courts for visibility of all three games simultaneously
•Scan constantly between courts - never focus on one court exclusively during games
•Move between courts actively during practice activities
•Watch high-risk areas: near net, at rotation points, during competitive moments
•Listen for sounds of distress, arguments, or unsafe play
•Intervene immediately if unsafe play observed - stop all activity if necessary

Emergency Procedures

In case of injury: STOP all activity immediately with whistle/loud voice command. Assess injured student - do not move if serious. Send responsible student to summon first aider/senior staff if needed. Administer basic first aid if trained and appropriate. Complete accident report form. Contact parents if required. Remaining students seated safely away from incident area under supervision.