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Lesson 6 - Skills in Gameplay

Skills & Team Coordination

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Year 7

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Volleyball

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Big Question

How can we combine all our volleyball skills to play competitive and enjoyable games?

Learning Objectives

To demonstrate key volleyball skills consistently in game situations
To develop rule knowledge and apply it effectively during competitive play
To apply positions and rotation rules accurately in team games

Key Outcomes

Students will successfully demonstrate at least three of the four major volleyball skills during game play
Students will understand and apply basic rotation rules and court positions
Students will assess their own progress and identify areas for improvement across the unit

Equipment & Resources Required

Volleyballs

2-3 (depending on hall size)

Pre-inflate to correct pressure, check for damage, place one ball holder at each court

Alternative: Light foam balls or beach balls for students with reduced confidence or physical needs

Markers Cones

24 (8 per court)

Mark corners and centre lines clearly; use different colours for multiple courts

Alternative: Chalk lines on outdoor surface, existing court markings if available

Sun Markers

1 large or 2-3 small boards

Position for whole-class visibility; pre-draw court layout with positions numbered

Alternative: Laminated court diagrams, iPad with presentation software, flip chart

Tablets

2-4 for video analysis

Charged devices with camera apps ready; consider tripods or stable surfaces for recording

Alternative: Smartphones, digital cameras, or observation checklists if technology unavailable

Bibs

30 (two colours minimum)

Pre-sorted into team sets; ensure sufficient quantity for all students

Alternative: Coloured wristbands, pinnies, or tape markers

Score Sheets

Class set (30)

Clipboards available; sheets include Head/Hands/Heart assessment framework

Alternative: Digital forms on tablets, peer assessment cards, self-reflection sheets

Cones

16 (4 per mini-court)

Create 4 mini-courts in promotion/demotion ladder arrangement

Alternative: Markers, spots, or lines on floor

Key Vocabulary

Rotation

The clockwise movement of players around the court when the team wins the serve

Rally

The sequence of play from serve until the ball is out of play or a point is scored

Set shot

An overhead pass using fingertips to accurately place the ball for a teammate to attack

Dig

A defensive forearm pass used to receive hard-hit balls or serves

Spike

An attacking hit where the ball is struck downward with force over the net

Block

A defensive technique where players jump at the net to deflect an opponent's attack

Modified games

Adapted versions of volleyball with changed rules to support skill development and inclusion

Positions

The specific locations on court where players stand (front row, back row, left, centre, right)

Communication

Verbal and non-verbal signals used between teammates to coordinate play effectively

Game play

The application of skills, tactics and rules in competitive or cooperative volleyball matches

Skill Progression Pathway

Understanding where pupils are coming from and where they're going

Prior Learning

Basic set shot technique from previous lessons
Dig/forearm pass for defensive play
Underarm serve technique and accuracy
Introduction to spike and block movements
Understanding of basic volleyball court layout
Experience with modified volleyball games

Current Skills

Integration of all four major skills in game contexts
Application of rotation rules during competitive play
Tactical decision-making during rallies
Effective communication and teamwork
Self and peer assessment of performance
Understanding of positions and their roles

Next Steps

Advanced serving techniques including overarm serve
Complex tactical formations and team strategies
Full 6v6 game play with official rules
Specialist position development (setter, libero, attacker)
Tournament organisation and leadership roles
Performance analysis and coaching skills

Milestone Indicators

Students can sustain rallies of 5+ exchanges using varied skills

Teams successfully complete rotations without prompting

Students select appropriate skills based on game situations

Clear communication patterns established within teams

Students can identify and correct their own technical errors

Key Teaching Points

All four major volleyball skills (serve, dig, set, spike) should be integrated seamlessly during game play - reinforce the dig-set-spike sequence as the attacking pattern
Rotation occurs clockwise when the team wins the serve (side-out), not after every point - this is a common misconception to address repeatedly
Communication is essential for volleyball safety and success - encourage constant calling of 'Mine!', 'Yours!', and tactical instructions between teammates
Modified rules like allowing catches or multiple serves scaffold confidence while maintaining volleyball principles - progressively remove modifications as skill develops
Court coverage requires both front row (attackers/blockers) and back row (defenders/setters) understanding - emphasise spreading out and covering all areas
Bonus points for dig-set-spike sequences incentivize proper three-touch volleyball patterns - celebrate these enthusiastically to reinforce
Assessment uses Head (cognitive/tactical), Hands (physical/technical), and Heart (social/emotional) framework - observe all three domains not just technical skills
This final lesson should celebrate unit progress while maintaining challenge and engagement - balance fun with continued learning

Common Misconceptions

MISCONCEPTION: Players rotate after every point. CORRECTION: Rotation only occurs when your team wins the right to serve (side-out in traditional scoring). In rally scoring with our modified rules, we rotate after three serves by the same player regardless of points won.
MISCONCEPTION: Any hit is acceptable as long as the ball goes over. CORRECTION: Different situations require specific skills. Low, fast balls need digs. High balls in your court need sets. Attacking opportunities need spikes. Using the right skill for the situation is what makes volleyball tactical and skilful.
MISCONCEPTION: The best players should touch the ball every time. CORRECTION: Volleyball is the ultimate team sport - the three-touch rule (dig-set-spike) means multiple players must be involved. Teams that share the ball and include everyone are more successful and it's more enjoyable for all.
MISCONCEPTION: Catching is 'cheating' or means you're not good at volleyball. CORRECTION: Modified rules including catching are legitimate learning tools that help build confidence and understanding. As skills develop, you naturally progress to continuous volleyball technique. Both are valid depending on your current level.
MISCONCEPTION: Serving is just about hitting hard. CORRECTION: Accurate serving with tactical placement is far more effective than powerful but uncontrolled serves. Serving to spaces, weak receivers, or corners is strategic volleyball.
MISCONCEPTION: Front row players are more important than back row. CORRECTION: Every position has crucial roles. Back row players provide the foundation with strong digging and setting. Front row players finish attacks, but they can't do it without good passes from the back. All positions are equally valuable.

SEN Adaptations

ADHD

Provide short, focused activity segments maintaining engagement through variety. Use clear, concise instructions with visual supports. Offer regular movement opportunities (frequent rotation, active roles). Position strategically away from major distractions. Give specific roles or responsibilities during games (score keeper, rotation manager) channeling energy positively. Use frequent positive reinforcement with immediate, specific feedback. Allow fidget tools during stationary instruction if helpful. Break down complex skills into smaller steps. Provide countdown timers showing time remaining in activities for predictability. Offer choice within boundaries to increase buy-in.

dyspraxia

Use larger, softer balls initially for easier contact and control. Reduce speed of game play allowing more processing time. Provide additional demonstration and practice time for motor skill development. Break down techniques into smaller, sequential steps with verbal cues. Use visual markers on floor for positioning guidance (spots showing where to stand). Reduce court size for easier coverage and less complex movement patterns. Allow extended practice time before pressure of competitive games. Pair with supportive partner for modelling and encouragement. Celebrate effort and improvement over absolute performance. Consider alternative roles if ball skills extremely challenging (referee, scorekeeper, coach) while still participating in modified ways.

autism spectrum

Provide clear visual schedule showing lesson structure and timings. Use consistent routines and familiar formats. Give advance warning of transitions between activities using countdown timers. Reduce sensory overload by using quieter spaces or sound-reducing headphones if needed. Offer break card system allowing student to take short breaks in designated quiet area. Use social stories or visual guides explaining volleyball rules and expectations. Provide clear, concrete language avoiding idioms or ambiguous phrases. Offer choice within structure (which court, which partner). Celebrate specific achievements with clear feedback. Prepare student in advance for lesson content and expectations.

visual impairment

Use brightly coloured or high-visibility volleyballs (yellow, orange). Attach bells to balls for auditory tracking. Buddy system with sighted partner providing verbal descriptions of ball location and movement. Reduce court size for easier ball location. Use boundary ropes or raised markers for tactile court awareness. Provide verbal cues for all demonstrations and instructions. Position student where they can best use residual vision. Allow hand-guided demonstrations of techniques.

hearing impairment

Ensure student positioned where they can clearly see teacher's face for lip-reading. Use visual demonstrations for all instructions with exaggerated technique points. Provide written instruction cards or printed diagrams. Use visual signals instead of whistle (raised coloured flag, hand signals). Buddy system with hearing peer to relay verbal information. Consider vibrating wristband for stop signals if available. Use British Sign Language if teacher or TA trained, or basic signs agreed in advance. Face student directly when speaking and use clear enunciation.

physical disability

Seated volleyball variation with student in chair/wheelchair - ball must bounce once before hit or catching permitted. Lower net significantly or remove net using rope at chair height. Use softer, larger balls (beach ball style) for easier contact. Reduce court size for wheelchair accessibility. Modify serve to allow underhand toss and hit from seated position. Allow catching and throwing if hitting not feasible. Buddy support for mobility around court if partially ambulant. Adapted scoring to celebrate participation and attempts regardless of outcome. Consult with SENCO and parents about specific needs and appropriate modifications.

Cross-Curricular Links

English

Specialist vocabulary acquisition (rotation, rally, spike, dig, set, block). Communication skills through clear calling during play. Verbal reasoning when explaining tactical decisions. Descriptive language during reflection and self-assessment. Listening skills during instruction and peer feedback. Discussion and debate about tactics and strategies. Oracy development through partner talk and whole-class sharing. Following complex multi-step verbal instructions. Reading comprehension if using printed resources or assessment sheets.

Maths

Rally scoring systems using addition and mental arithmetic. Understanding scoring sequences and point differential. Geometry of court angles for serving and spike placement. Spatial awareness and measuring distances for court positioning. Calculating statistics such as successful serves percentage or rally lengths. Rotation patterns showing clockwise movement and sequential position changes. Symmetry of court layout and player formations.

Science

Forces in action - serve contact creating force to propel ball, spike using gravity and downward force. Newton's laws during ball flight trajectory and rebounds off hands/arms. Angles of ball flight and rebound based on contact point. Muscular system engagement during jumps, serves, and spikes. Cardiovascular system response to sustained physical activity. Energy transfer from player to ball during contact. Biomechanics of efficient jumping and landing techniques. Physics of ball spin affecting flight path.

Computing

Digital video analysis using tablets/iPads to record and review performance. Data handling if tracking performance statistics across the unit. Understanding of video technology for recording and playback. Digital literacy if completing self-assessments electronically. Use of video analysis apps showing split-screen comparison or slow-motion features.

Geography

Spatial awareness and court geography understanding. Directions and positional language (front row, back row, left, centre, right). Mapping movement patterns around court. Understanding zones and areas within playing space. Cultural geography exploring volleyball's origins and global popularity. Comparing volleyball variants from different countries (beach volleyball).

PSHE

Teamwork and cooperation essential for volleyball success. Communication skills development through calling and tactical discussion. Resilience building when facing challenges or losing. Managing competitive emotions appropriately. Leadership opportunities during team organisation and peer coaching. Respecting others including opponents, teammates, and officials. Honesty and integrity in self-refereeing and scoring. Celebrating success and handling disappointment. Inclusion ensuring all team members valued. Building confidence through skill mastery and achievement recognition.

Teacher Guidance

Positioning

Position centrally during warm-up where all four mini-courts are visible, rotating observation every 30-45 seconds. During skill review, position at front with all students facing you and whiteboard visible. During 4v4 games, position at corner between two courts allowing observation of both simultaneously. Rotate location every 3-4 minutes to observe each court from multiple angles. During cool-down, position at student level (seated or crouched) to create discussion atmosphere rather than instructional stance. Avoid turning back to any playing area.

Observation Focus

TECHNICAL: Watch for correct technique execution - set shot triangle hands, dig platform, serve contact point, spike approach and contact, block timing. TACTICAL: Observe court coverage, decision-making about shot selection, serving placement, communication patterns. SOCIAL: Monitor inclusive play, encouragement, leadership, fair scoring, sporting behaviour. SAFETY: Continuously scan for collision risks, unsafe play, overexertion, or emotional distress. DIFFERENTIATION: Identify students working at different levels to provide appropriate support or extension. ASSESSMENT: Note specific examples of Emerging/Developing/Secure/Mastering performance for recording.

Intervention Points

Step in immediately if: unsafe play occurring (aggressive contact, dangerous shots at close range), significant rule confusion preventing game flow, disputes becoming heated, dominant players excluding others consistently, technique breakdown creating frustration, students showing signs of distress or inability to continue. Pause activity using clear stop signal. Address issue briefly and specifically. Demonstrate solution or correct technique. Check understanding. Resume play quickly to maintain lesson momentum.

Demonstration Notes

Demonstrate: All skills clearly from multiple angles so all students can see regardless of position. Exaggerate key technique points for visibility (large triangle hands for set shot, very flat platform for dig). Use skilled students as demonstrators when appropriate but ensure technique is correct. For spatial concepts (rotation, court coverage), physically walk through movements with volunteers. For complex ideas, use whiteboard diagrams alongside physical demonstration. Replay demonstrations if confusion evident. Use slow-motion for technique breakdown, normal speed for flow. Model enthusiasm and positive language consistently throughout lesson.

Verbal Cues

•'Soft hands!' to prompt gentle set shot technique
•'Platform!' to remind students to create flat dig surface with joined arms
•'Call it!' to encourage communication and calling 'Mine!' during games
•'Find space!' to promote court coverage and movement into open areas
•'Over not under!' to remind about keeping ball over net for points during warm-up
•'Three and over!' to encourage dig-set-spike sequence attempts
•'Rotate clockwise!' as reminder when three serves completed
•'Ready position!' to prompt athletic stance between rallies
•'Watch the ball!' to improve tracking and anticipation
•'Support your teammate!' to promote encouragement and inclusive play

Safety Considerations

Space & Surface Requirements

Space Requirements

Minimum indoor sports hall space of 20m x 15m to accommodate two half-courts with adequate safety zones. Standard volleyball court dimensions are 9m x 18m; half-courts therefore approximately 9m x 9m each. Minimum 3 metres clear space between courts and between courts and walls/obstacles. Ceiling height minimum 7 metres to accommodate serves, sets, and spikes without interference.

Surface Check

Clean, dry, non-slip surface essential for safe movement and jumping. Check for any wet patches, dust, or debris before lesson begins. Wooden sprung floor or specialist sports hall surface ideal. Mark and cordon off any damaged flooring areas. Ensure court line markings are flat and not creating trip hazards. Check for protruding objects from walls or floor.

Equipment Safety

Safety Checks

•Volleyball nets securely installed with tensioned wires and stable poles/posts checked before lesson
•Net guy wires or support cables covered or positioned to prevent trip hazards
•Volleyball poles have protective padding if metal posts are used
•Volleyballs inflated to correct pressure (0.30-0.325 kg/cm²) - not over or under inflated
•Check volleyballs for damage, protruding valve, or excessive wear that could cause injury
•Cones and court markers have no sharp edges or damage; placed flat on floor to prevent trips
•Whiteboard positioned securely and will not fall; markers non-toxic
•Any tablets/iPads used for video analysis have protective cases and charged safely before lesson
•Equipment storage areas clear and organised preventing trips when collecting/returning items

Risk Management

Key Risks

•Collisions between students during competitive games - particularly when multiple students go for same ball
•Falls or ankle injuries during jumping for spikes, blocks, or rapid direction changes
•Ball strikes to face or body from hard-hit spikes or serves
•Contact with net poles or nets during play causing injury
•Trips over court markers, cones, or boundary lines
•Overexertion particularly in students with lower fitness levels during extended game play
•Finger injuries from incorrect set shot or dig technique
•Knee injuries from landing poorly after jumps

Risk Mitigation

•Clear boundaries established with 2-3 metre safety zones between courts and walls reducing collision risk
•Adequate spacing between teams with maximum 4v4 on half-courts ensuring manageable court coverage
•Progressive skill building across unit means students have developed control reducing errant balls
•Modified rules including catch option reduces hard-hit balls for less confident groups
•Teacher demonstrates safe landing technique during spike instruction earlier in unit
•Call 'Mine!' taught as safety as well as tactical skill preventing collisions
•Students taught to watch for net poles and not run into net area during aggressive play
•Regular monitoring for overexertion with water breaks available throughout
•Proper warm-up and cool-down reducing muscle strain and injury risk
•Gradual intensity increase from warm-up games through to competitive 4v4
•Teacher actively supervises stopping unsafe play immediately
•Lower net heights available for differentiation reducing injury risk during spikes and blocks
•Softer balls available for support groups reducing ball-strike injury severity

Supervision & Emergency Procedures

Supervision Points

•Position centrally between both courts with sightlines to all playing areas
•Rotate observation systematically between courts every 3-4 minutes ensuring equal attention
•Scan for both technical teaching points and safety concerns simultaneously
•Watch specifically for unsafe spike landing, aggressive net play, or collision-risk situations
•Monitor student exertion levels particularly those with known health conditions or lower fitness
•Be alert to emotional responses (frustration, anger) that might lead to unsafe behaviour
•Position near higher-risk activities (spike practice, full-pace games) for immediate intervention capability
•Maintain awareness of whole room even when providing specific feedback to one group
•Teaching Assistant (if available) positioned at opposite end of hall for comprehensive coverage

Emergency Procedures

Stop signal (whistle and raised hand) established that all students respond to immediately. In event of injury: blow whistle to stop all play, assess injured student, send responsible student for First Aider or administer basic first aid if qualified. For minor injuries (ball strikes, minor falls): assess, apply ice/cold compress if available, allow rest, determine if student can continue or needs to sit out. For serious injuries (suspected fracture, concussion, severe pain): keep student still, call for trained First Aider immediately, contact school office/SLT, inform parents. All injuries recorded in school accident book. Emergency services called via school office if required. Know locations of nearest first aid kit and emergency telephone.