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Lesson 3 - Overarm Serving and Rally Play

Foundations to Fluency

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Year 8

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Volleyball

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Big Question

How can effective communication and positioning transform individual skills into successful team rallies?

Learning Objectives

Develop and refine overarm serving technique with increasing accuracy and distance
Execute rallies using bump, dig, and set techniques with effective communication
Demonstrate and maintain correct ready position for receiving serves and during rally play

Key Outcomes

Students will perform overarm serves with correct technique over varying distances
Students will participate in rallies showing understanding of court positioning and communication
Students will demonstrate ready position consistently and explain its importance

Equipment & Resources Required

Volleyballs

1 per 2 students (minimum 15)

Store in bags at court edges, distribute at start of each activity

Alternative: Beach balls or lightweight foam balls for students needing support

Cones

30-40 mixed colours

Use for court boundaries, net lines, and target practice activities

Alternative: Markers, spots, or chalk marks on outdoor courts

Sun Markers

4-6 small courts marked (approximately 6m x 4m each)

Pre-mark courts before lesson if possible to maximise activity time

Alternative: Rope, tape, or existing sports hall lines

Net Substitute

4-6 net lines (2 lines of cones 0.5m apart per court)

Position cones in two parallel lines 0.5m apart to create visible net zone

Alternative: Benches, ropes between posts, actual volleyball nets if available

Bibs

15 (half the class)

Distribute to differentiate teams during game application

Alternative: None essential but helpful for team identification

Whistles

For teacher to start/stop activities and signal rotations

Alternative: Voice commands, hand signals

Key Vocabulary

Overarm serve

A volleyball serve performed by striking the ball above shoulder height with an extended arm in a throwing motion

Rally

A sequence of play where the ball is hit back and forth over the net until a point is scored

Ready position

Athletic stance with knees bent, weight on balls of feet, hands ready at waist height, facing the ball

Communication

Verbal and non-verbal signals between teammates to coordinate who will play the ball and where

Court positioning

Strategic placement of players on court to cover space effectively and support teammates

Bump (Dig)

A defensive shot using joined forearms to control low balls, typically used for receiving serves

Set

An overhead pass using fingertips to direct the ball accurately, creating attacking opportunities

Serving technique

The specific body mechanics and movements used to initiate play by striking the ball over the net

Skill Progression Pathway

Understanding where pupils are coming from and where they're going

Prior Learning

Basic bump (dig) technique from previous lessons
Set technique and hand positioning
Understanding of volleyball court boundaries
Basic throwing and catching skills

Current Skills

Overarm serving technique with step-through motion
Rally play combining multiple volleyball techniques
Ready position for receiving and reacting
Communication during competitive play
Distance and accuracy serving progressions

Next Steps

Advanced serving variations (float serve, topspin)
Offensive and defensive formations in volleyball
Setting up attacking plays
Rotational systems in 6-a-side volleyball

Milestone Indicators

Consistent contact point above shoulder height during serves

Rallies lasting 6+ consecutive hits without breakdown

Automatic return to ready position after each contact

Proactive communication before and during rallies

Serves clearing net with 70%+ success rate at 10m distance

Key Teaching Points

Overarm serving technique has five key phases that must be mastered sequentially: side-on stance, high toss with non-dominant hand, step through with opposite foot, contact at full arm extension above head, follow through across body to opposite hip
Ready position is the foundation of all volleyball movements - athletic stance with knees bent 90 degrees, weight on balls of feet, hands ready at waist height, eyes on ball - students should automatically return to this position after every contact
Communication is non-negotiable in volleyball - every ball must be called for using clear verbal signals ('MINE', 'YOURS', or partner's name) to prevent collisions and dropped balls during rallies
The toss is the most critical element of serving consistency - toss height should be to full arm extension (approximately one arm's length), placement should be slightly in front of body, same toss every time creates reliable contact point
Court positioning for pairs requires diagonal coverage - one player forward, one back, creating checkboard pattern that covers all court zones effectively and prevents both players chasing the same ball
Progressive challenge maintains engagement and development - start with achievable distances and targets, increase distance/difficulty after success, always maintaining technique quality over distance or power
Rally scoring (point on every rally regardless of server) keeps pace high and ensures all students remain engaged - no 'dead' rallies where effort doesn't result in points

Common Misconceptions

Misconception: 'Power in serving comes from hitting harder with your arm.' Reality: Power comes from coordinated full-body movement - the step transfers weight from back foot to front foot, rotation through hips and core, then arm follows through. Arm alone produces weak, inaccurate serves. Teach whole kinetic chain.
Misconception: 'Ready position means standing still waiting for the ball.' Reality: Ready position is dynamic and active - weight should be shifting on balls of feet, knees flexing, body coiled and ready to explode in any direction. Static standing is not ready. Demonstrate active ready vs passive waiting.
Misconception: 'Communication only matters if the ball is between both players.' Reality: Communication happens BEFORE the ball arrives, confirming who will take it even if it's clearly one player's ball. Calling builds teamwork, prevents last-second confusion, and keeps both players engaged. Every ball should be called.
Misconception: 'Volleyball techniques are just like other ball sports - I can already do this.' Reality: Volleyball techniques are unique - bumping uses forearm platform not racket or hands, setting uses fingertips in specific triangle formation not throwing action, serving requires overhead contact point unlike tennis or cricket. Students must learn volleyball-specific motor patterns, not transfer from other sports.

SEN Adaptations

ADHD

Keep activities short and varied - maximum 5-7 minutes per activity segment. Provide frequent movement opportunities - no extended static periods. Use active supervision with regular individual check-ins. Offer fidget equipment during demonstration times (ball to hold). Clearly defined boundaries and zones reduce distractions. Provide roles and responsibilities to channel energy positively. Allow brief movement breaks if needed. Use high-energy positive reinforcement. Partner with calming influence if appropriate.

dyspraxia

Break down serving technique into smaller sequential steps - master toss, then add step, then add arm swing. Use larger, lighter balls (beach balls) for improved control and success. Reduce serving distance significantly (5-6m) building confidence before progression. Provide extra practice time and repetition for motor pattern development. Use visual markers for foot placement during serve. Simplify rally rules - allow catching and controlled throws if volleying too complex initially. Pair with patient, supportive partner. Celebrate effort and small improvements enthusiastically.

autism spectrum

Provide visual schedule of lesson sections displayed throughout - warm-up, skills, game, cool-down sequence. Establish clear, consistent routines for equipment collection, court setup, transitions. Use visual timers to show duration of each activity. Offer quiet zone or brief breaks if sensory overload occurs. Reduce unpredictability - explain what's happening next before transitions. Use consistent language and terminology. Provide advanced warning of competitive elements. Allow same partner throughout if changes cause anxiety.

visual impairment

Use brightly coloured or high-visibility volleyballs (yellow or orange). Pair with sighted buddy for spatial awareness support. Provide verbal descriptions of court layout and boundaries. Use audible markers (bells on cones) for net line identification. Reduce court size for easier navigation. Teacher provides detailed verbal commentary during demonstrations. Allow closer serving distances initially.

hearing impairment

Use visual demonstrations extensively - show don't tell approach. Establish clear visual signals for start/stop/rotate (hand signals, flags). Provide written instruction cards with diagrams for activity setup. Ensure student can see teacher's face for lip-reading during instructions. Pair with hearing partner who can relay instructions. Use visual cues for rally scoring (scoreboards, hand signals). Position near front during whole-class teaching for optimal visibility.

physical disability

Adapt serving to seated position from wheelchair or chair if needed - focus on arm technique. Modify court size to reduce movement demands. Allow use of lightweight foam balls or beach balls for easier control. Permit additional bounces before return (two or three bounces). Provide alternative roles - coaching, scoring, officiating if full participation not possible. Use ramps or adapted equipment for ball projection if arm mobility limited. Partner with supportive peer for adapted gameplay.

Cross-Curricular Links

English

Oracy skills developed through communication during rallies - clear articulation, volume projection, purposeful language. Listening skills - responding to partner's calls. Technical vocabulary acquisition and usage (overarm serve, rally, ready position, bump, dig, set). Peer feedback requiring constructive language and specific descriptive vocabulary. Reflective discussion articulating learning experiences.

Maths

Measuring distances for serving practice (10m, 12m, 15m progressions). Calculating success rates and accuracy percentages during Cone Collectors (e.g., 4 hits out of 10 serves = 40%). Angles of ball trajectory - understanding that higher contact point creates different flight path. Geometry of court dimensions and spacing. Rally scoring mathematics - tracking cumulative points.

Science

Forces in volleyball - force application during serve (Newton's laws), angle of force affects trajectory. Biomechanics of serving action - lever systems in arm, kinetic chain from legs through core to arm. Cardiovascular response to exercise - heart rate increase during warm-up and games, recovery during cool-down. Muscle groups used - deltoids, triceps, quadriceps, core. Reaction time and hand-eye coordination as physiological responses.

Geography

Spatial awareness and court positioning - understanding coverage zones, using directional language (forward, back, left, right). Mapping movement patterns during rallies. Understanding court as defined territory with boundaries. Strategic positioning related to space optimization.

PSHE

Teamwork and cooperation - working effectively with partners during rallies, supporting teammates. Communication skills - clear verbal calls, listening to partner, non-verbal signals. Resilience and perseverance - continuing after errors, maintaining positivity when learning difficult skills. Fair play and integrity - honest calling during games, respecting opponents. Leadership opportunities - encouraging partners, demonstrating skills, helping struggling peers. Emotional regulation - managing competitive feelings, celebrating success appropriately, handling frustration constructively.

Teacher Guidance

Positioning

Position yourself for maximum visibility of all students during activities. During whole-class teaching, stand centrally where all can see demonstrations. During pair/group work, circulate constantly between groups rather than static observation. In game application, position at corner for diagonal sightlines across multiple courts. Never turn your back on the class for extended periods.

Observation Focus

Primary observation priorities: 1) Safety - watch for collisions, trips, overexertion. 2) Technique - serving contact point, ready position quality, bump/set execution. 3) Engagement - all students active and participating. 4) Communication - verbal calls during rallies. 5) Differentiation needs - identify students needing support or extension real-time. Scan entire class every 30 seconds minimum.

Intervention Points

Intervene immediately if: safety risk observed, technique breakdown causing potential injury, student disengaged or distressed, dispute between students escalating, discrimination or poor sportsmanship evident. Pause individual pairs for technique corrections. Use whole-class 'freeze' for teaching points affecting majority. Balance intervention with allowing students to problem-solve independently. Provide positive specific feedback 3:1 ratio to corrections.

Demonstration Notes

Always demonstrate skills in slow motion first, then full speed. Use student volunteers to demonstrate peer examples where possible - builds confidence and provides relatable models. Demonstrate from multiple angles so all students can see key elements. Use exaggerated movements in demos so elements are clearly visible from distance. Provide commentary during demonstrations explaining what to look for. Show common mistakes as well as correct technique to build error-detection skills. Keep demonstrations brief (60-90 seconds maximum) to maintain activity time. Check understanding after demonstration through questioning or ask students to repeat back key points.

Verbal Cues

•'Soft touches!' - reminds students to control ball contact, not hit hard
•'Find space!' - prompts court positioning and movement
•'Knees bent!' - cues ready position
•'Call for it!' - prompts communication during rallies
•'High contact point!' - reminds servers to strike ball above head
•'Step through!' - cues weight transfer during serve
•'Watch the ball!' - focuses visual tracking
•'One more!' - encouragement to extend rally or repeat skill
•'Freeze!' - immediate stop for safety or teaching point
•'Show me ready!' - cue for demonstration of ready position

Safety Considerations

Space & Surface Requirements

Space Requirements

Minimum 15m x 12m for full class activities. For game application, 4-6 mini courts each 6m x 4m with 2m spacing between courts. Indoor sports hall or outdoor hard court surface suitable. Adequate height clearance for serving (minimum 4m ceiling height).

Surface Check

Dry, even, non-slip surface essential for volleyball activities. Check for water, dust, or debris before lesson starts. Outdoor courts: no cracks, holes, or uneven areas. Indoor: no wet patches from cleaning. Mark any hazardous areas and exclude from playing space.

Equipment Safety

Safety Checks

•Volleyballs correctly inflated - not over-inflated which makes them hard and potentially injurious, not under-inflated which affects bounce and technique
•Cones inspected for cracks, sharp edges, or damage - replace any damaged equipment
•Net substitute (cone lines) positioned clearly visible to prevent students tripping
•Equipment stored safely at court edges when not in use, not creating trip hazards in playing space
•Balls collected promptly when rolling astray to prevent slips and trips
•Check no jewellery worn, long hair tied back, appropriate footwear (trainers not fashion shoes)

Risk Management

Key Risks

•Shoulder/arm strain from repetitive overarm serving - particularly for students new to the technique
•Collisions between partners during rallies if communication poor or both chasing same ball
•Ball strikes to face or body during serves and rallies
•Trips over cones marking courts or net lines, particularly during dynamic game play
•Slips on volleyballs rolling into playing areas from adjacent courts
•Muscle strains if warm-up inadequate or cool-down omitted
•Overexertion in competitive game scenarios without adequate recovery

Risk Mitigation

•Progressive serving technique development - start with shadow practice, then short distance, gradually increase
•Limit consecutive serves to 3 per student before swapping to prevent shoulder overuse
•Emphasise communication during all rally activities - constant calling required
•Clear court boundaries and adequate spacing (minimum 2m) between playing areas established
•Stop-start teaching throughout to prevent fatigue and maintain technique quality
•Comprehensive warm-up targeting shoulders, arms, and legs before serving practice
•Mandatory cool-down with shoulder stretches and ready position work
•Teacher positioned for maximum visibility of all courts during game play
•Prompt ball collection procedures taught and enforced
•'Freeze' command established that all students respond to immediately for safety interventions

Supervision & Emergency Procedures

Supervision Points

•Position at corner of space for diagonal visibility across all courts during game application
•During serving practice, stand behind servers observing technique from behind to see toss and contact point
•Circulate actively during Cone Collectors to monitor accuracy and technique maintenance
•During rallies, move between courts stopping periodically to highlight good practice and correct errors
•Monitor high-energy areas where competitive intensity highest for sportsmanship and safety
•Keep scan going constantly - never static observation, always moving and scanning entire space
•Particularly observe students with known medical conditions (asthma, joint issues) for signs of distress

Emergency Procedures

STOP command must halt all activity immediately. Assess injured student - do not move if serious injury suspected. Send responsible student to get first aid support/additional staff. Administer appropriate first aid within qualification level. Complete accident report form. Contact parents/guardians if injury requires medical attention. Ensure rest of class supervised safely during any emergency response. Emergency contact information and first aid kit location known before lesson starts.