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Lesson 3 - Overarm Serving and Rally Execution

Foundational Skills & Tactics

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Year 7

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Volleyball

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Big Question

How can effective serving and communication transform your team's performance in volleyball?

Learning Objectives

Develop overarm serving technique with consistency and accuracy
Understand and demonstrate ready position for receiving serve
Execute rallies with partner using effective communication and court positioning

Key Outcomes

Students will serve overarm over a distance of at least 10 metres with improving accuracy
Students will demonstrate correct ready position and receive serves using bump or dig technique
Students will maintain rallies with partners, communicating effectively throughout

Equipment & Resources Required

Volleyballs

1 per 2 students (15 balls for class of 30)

Distributed around court perimeter, inflated to correct pressure (check bounce height)

Alternative: Soft volleyballs or beach balls for students lacking confidence

Cones

30-40 cones (10 per small court for net lines, plus extras for target practice)

Brightly coloured cones, arranged in pairs 0.5m apart to create net lines

Alternative: Markers, spots, or chalk lines for boundaries

Sun Markers

Courts clearly marked with visible boundaries, adequate spacing between courts for safety

Alternative: Tape, chalk, or existing sports hall markings

Measuring Tapes

2-3 for class

Used to mark 10m serving distances during skill development

Alternative: Use existing hall/court markings for distance reference

Key Vocabulary

Overarm serve

A serve executed by tossing the ball up and striking it with an overhead arm motion, similar to throwing

Ready position

Athletic stance with knees bent, weight on balls of feet, arms forward and ready to react quickly to incoming ball

Rally

A continuous sequence of shots between players or teams where the ball travels back and forth over the net

Bump/Dig

Defensive shot where ball is passed using clasped forearms with straight arms to control low balls

Set

Overhead pass using fingertips to direct ball upward, typically used for setting up attacking shots

Court positioning

Strategic placement of players on court to maximise coverage and respond effectively to opposition shots

Serving rotation

The systematic order in which players take turns serving, rotating after each point scored

Skill Progression Pathway

Understanding where pupils are coming from and where they're going

Prior Learning

Students have learned bump/dig technique in previous lessons
Students have been introduced to set technique
Students understand basic volleyball rules and court awareness
Students have watched video demonstration of overarm serve

Current Skills

Overarm serving technique with distance and accuracy
Ready position for receiving serves effectively
Rally execution with partner communication
Court positioning during competitive play

Next Steps

Developing spin and power in overarm serve
Advanced rally tactics including attacking shots
Team formations for competitive matches
Introduction to blocking and defensive strategies

Milestone Indicators

Consistent overarm serve reaching partner at 10+ metres

Quick transition to ready position after each shot

Rallies lasting 6+ consecutive shots

Clear verbal communication during rallies

Key Teaching Points

Overarm serve technique: Consistent toss (1m above head), full arm swing from behind to overhead contact, high contact point above and slightly in front of head, complete follow-through across body, weight transfer from back to front foot generates power.
Ready position is foundation: Knees bent at 90 degrees, weight on balls of feet, arms forward at waist height ready to move, eyes constantly tracking ball from opposition, ability to move quickly in any direction.
Communication prevents collisions: Loud verbal calls ('MINE!', 'YOURS!') must happen on EVERY ball, early calling gives partner time to adjust, silence leads to collisions and missed balls, communication builds team cohesion.
Court positioning maximises coverage: Partners should position diagonally not side-by-side, maintain 2-3 metres spacing to cover more court area, after each shot return to strategic position, avoid clustering in same zone leaving areas uncovered.
Technique quality over power: Controlled serve with good technique travels further and more accurately than muscled serve with poor technique, consistent technique builds reliability, rushing or forcing shots causes errors, patience and precision win rallies.
Progressive challenge builds confidence: Starting close (5m) ensures initial success, incremental distance increases (step back after 3 successes) builds skill gradually, reaching 10m+ is significant achievement for Year 7, celebrate progress at all distances.
Resilience and growth mindset: Missing serves or dropping balls is normal and necessary for learning, every attempt provides feedback for improvement, champions make mistakes but keep trying with good technique, focus on personal improvement not comparison with others.

Common Misconceptions

MISCONCEPTION: 'The harder I hit the serve, the better it is.' CORRECTION: Power without control causes faults. Technique creates distance naturally through efficient mechanics. Focus on high contact point and full follow-through rather than muscling it.
MISCONCEPTION: 'Ready position makes me slow.' CORRECTION: Ready position enables fastest possible movement in any direction. Standing upright means delayed reaction. Demonstrate how ready position allows instant push-off to chase ball.
MISCONCEPTION: 'Calling for the ball is unnecessary - my partner can see where it's going.' CORRECTION: Communication eliminates confusion especially on balls between players. Silence causes hesitation and collisions. Even obvious balls should be called for clarity and habit-building.
MISCONCEPTION: 'If my toss is bad, I should still try to serve.' CORRECTION: If toss is poor, let ball drop and reset. Better to re-toss than attempt serve from poor position which reinforces bad habits. Consistency starts with toss quality.
MISCONCEPTION: 'Staying next to my partner provides better coverage.' CORRECTION: Demonstrate visually - two players together leave huge court areas exposed. Spreading out diagonally covers maximum space. Show how opponents can easily place ball in uncovered areas when partners cluster.

SEN Adaptations

ADHD

Short, varied activities maintaining engagement through variety. Clear boundaries and structured spaces reducing decision-making about where to be. Frequent positive feedback recognising focus and effort. Movement breaks built into lesson structure - no prolonged sitting or waiting. Use of visual timers showing activity duration remaining. High-energy activities channeling energy productively. Specific role assignments (server, receiver) providing clarity. Partner work providing accountability and social engagement.

dyspraxia

Additional practice time for skill development without competitive pressure. Larger, softer balls requiring less precise motor control. Simplified movement patterns - can receive ball and catch instead of bump initially. Verbal rehearsal of serving steps before physical attempt - 'toss, swing, contact'. Visual demonstration videos available for review. Peer buddy for encouragement and modelling. Recognition of effort over outcome - 'I can see you're trying the correct arm swing!' Reduced distance and modified targets accommodating coordination challenges.

autism spectrum

Clear visual schedule showing lesson structure and timings to reduce anxiety about transitions. Consistent routines and predictable activity patterns. Quiet practice area available if sensory overload occurs from noise and movement. Pair with understanding peer buddy who can provide reassurance. Advanced warning before demonstrations or being asked to participate publicly. Visual cue cards showing ready position and serving technique for reference during activity. Emphasis on personal progress not comparison with others.

visual impairment

Use brightly coloured or high-contrast volleyballs for enhanced visibility. Pair with sighted peer buddy for verbal guidance on ball position and direction. Verbal cues from teacher describing ball trajectory during demonstrations. Audible balls (with bells inside) available for severely impaired students. Reduce court size and distance for closer range activity. Tactile markings on floor for court boundary awareness.

hearing impairment

Ensure student positioned for clear sight of teacher's face during instructions. Visual demonstrations emphasised over verbal explanations. Partner uses agreed visual signals for communication instead of verbal calls. Written instruction cards available for activity rules and key teaching points. Teacher faces student when giving instructions ensuring no background noise interference. Visual stopwatch or timer for activity duration awareness.

physical disability

Seated volleyball adaptation - students seated on floor or chairs, lighter/softer ball used, modified net height. Wheelchair users can participate with adapted rules - may catch and throw instead of volley, extended court area. Serve distance reduced or underarm serve permitted based on physical capability. Peer support to retrieve balls. Focus on tactical understanding and communication if physical execution limited. Alternative role as coach/referee if participation not possible.

Cross-Curricular Links

English

Communication skills through verbal calling and instructions to partners. Listening skills when receiving tactical feedback. Explaining technique and tactics during plenary reflections. Following multi-step instructions during activity explanations. Using specific vocabulary accurately - overarm serve, ready position, rally. Articulating learning and reflection responses with clarity.

Maths

Measuring serving distances in metres - application of measurement and estimation. Calculating rally success percentages during cone challenge (e.g., 5 hits from 15 serves = 33% accuracy). Counting consecutive passes developing mental arithmetic. Understanding angles of ball trajectory relating to geometry. Scoring systems and tallying points throughout games applying number operations.

Science

Forces applied during serving - push force from hand accelerating ball, gravity pulling ball downward, air resistance affecting ball flight. Trajectory and parabolic motion during serves relating to projectile motion concepts. Muscle groups used during volleyball movements - quadriceps in ready position, deltoids in serving action. Heart rate elevation during warm-up and game phases demonstrating cardiovascular response to exercise. Energy transfer from server's movement into ball's kinetic energy.

PSHE

Teamwork and communication essential for partnership success. Resilience when serves miss targets or rallies break down. Managing emotions including frustration during challenging tasks. Encouraging others and demonstrating positive sportsmanship. Understanding that practice develops skills over time - growth mindset. Respect for opponents in competitive situations. Inclusion and supporting all abilities within class activities.

Teacher Guidance

Positioning

Position in corners or elevated areas for maximum court visibility. During serving activities, position along serving line perpendicular to serving direction. During game application, circulate between courts but maintain overview of all groups. Face majority of class during demonstrations.

Observation Focus

Watch for: 1) Serving technique - toss consistency, contact point height, follow-through, 2) Ready position maintenance - knee bend, alert posture, weight distribution, 3) Communication frequency and clarity during rallies, 4) Court positioning - partners covering space effectively not clustering, 5) Safety awareness - students watching ball, respecting boundaries, 6) Engagement levels - all students active and involved or some withdrawing, 7) Partner dynamics - positive encouragement or negative interactions.

Intervention Points

Intervene immediately if: 1) Safety concern arises - collisions, equipment hazards, unsafe behaviour, 2) Technique deteriorating significantly requiring reset, 3) Communication breakdown causing frustration between partners, 4) Competitive atmosphere becoming negative or exclusive, 5) Student disengagement or withdrawal from activity, 6) Rule confusion preventing game flow, 7) Bullying or unkind behaviour observed. Use freeze signal for whole-class interventions, individual quiet feedback for personal corrections.

Demonstration Notes

Demonstrate: All skills in slow motion first then full speed. Use skilled students for peer demonstration where possible - builds confidence and provides alternative models. Always demonstrate from multiple angles for visibility. For serving, show side view for arm mechanics, front view for body position. Exaggerate key teaching points like knee bend in ready position or high contact point in serve. Freeze at critical moments - 'See where my hand is RIGHT NOW? That's contact point!' Use volunteer students in rallies to demonstrate communication and positioning - better than teacher-only demo.

Verbal Cues

•'Soft touches!' - when students hitting too hard
•'Ready position!' - reminder between rallies
•'Call it!' - when communication lacking
•'Watch the ball!' - for awareness and safety
•'Knees bent!' - ready position reminder
•'High contact!' - serving technique cue
•'Spread out!' - court positioning reminder
•'Encourage your partner!' - promoting positive atmosphere

Safety Considerations

Space & Surface Requirements

Space Requirements

Sports hall or outdoor court area minimum 20m x 15m. Clear ceiling height minimum 4m for served ball trajectory. Adequate space for 4-6 small courts with 2m separation between courts to prevent inter-group collisions.

Surface Check

Dry, clean, even surface free from trip hazards, debris, or moisture. Indoor court markings clearly visible. If outdoor, check for stones, holes, or uneven ground. Ensure no equipment stored in playing area perimeter.

Equipment Safety

Safety Checks

•Volleyball inflation checked before lesson - correct pressure for safe bounce and catching
•Cones in good condition with no sharp edges or cracks that could cause cuts
•Regular inspection of all equipment for damage or wear
•Sufficient equipment available so students not waiting excessively or rushing to share

Risk Management

Key Risks

•Ball striking students in face during serves or rallies - emphasise watching ball constantly
•Collisions between pairs/groups when balls enter adjacent playing areas
•Ankle/knee injuries from landing awkwardly or turning quickly on court surface
•Shoulder strain from incorrect serving technique or overexertion
•Collisions between partners when both chase same ball without communication

Risk Mitigation

•Clear boundaries established for each court with minimum 2m safety zones between courts
•All serving direction synchronized so serves travel parallel not crossing paths
•Progressive skill building from close distance to longer distance prevents overexertion
•Explicit teaching of communication protocols to prevent partner collisions
•Ready position emphasis includes 'always watch the ball' mantra for awareness
•Warm-up prepares shoulder muscles thoroughly before serving activity
•Teacher actively supervises ensuring safe practices and intervening when needed
•Stop signal clearly established and practiced - 'FREEZE' means immediate halt

Supervision & Emergency Procedures

Supervision Points

•Position to observe maximum number of courts simultaneously - corners or central elevated position
•During serving progressions, position along serving line to monitor technique and prevent cross-firing
•Circulate during game application to monitor communication, spacing, and competitive atmosphere
•Particular attention to students with SEND or those identified as needing additional support
•Monitor fatigue levels throughout lesson especially during high-intensity game phase

Emergency Procedures

Stop signal 'FREEZE' practiced at lesson start. In event of injury: 1) Stop all activity immediately, 2) Assess injured student - do not move if serious injury suspected, 3) Send reliable student for first aid support/additional staff, 4) Supervise remaining class with calm activity while attending to injury, 5) Complete accident report if required. First aid kit location known and accessible. Emergency exits clear and known to all students.